The Failure Of The Economic Collapse Of Flint, Michigan

As metropolitans continue to grow at exponential rates, the collapse of industrial cities such as Flint, Michigan have been a result of the destructive nature of three economic policy initiatives: The North American Free Trade Agreement, the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, and welfare reform. In this paper I will examine the ways in which federal economic policies have served as a catalyst to the economic stress that led one of America’s historical industrial cities to be faced with a contaminated water supply due to a disparity in marginal benefit, private benefit and social cost. In April of 2014 news broke that when Flint, Michigan changed its water source from the treated Detroit Water and Sewerage Department to the Flint River that†¦show more content†¦Following the enactment of NAFTA, Flint would take on another economic burden as a result of the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act. The Glass-Steagall Act was an act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1933. This piece of legislation functioned as a banking act that prohibited commercial banks from participating in the investment of banking business (source). It also created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) and Regulation Q, institutions that served the purpose of maintaining the essence of the legislation. Essentially, the Glass-Steagall Act was passed as an emergency measure to counter the effects of the Great Depression by stopping bank runs and to restore confidence in the banking system. In 1999 President Clinton repealed the act in an effort to â€Å"modernize† financial regulation, this deregulated financial derivatives by effectively eliminating financial regulations. The repeal of the Glass-Steagall act was notably one of the most potent factors that almost led America into its second economic collapse. As a result, between 1999 and 2009 unemployment rates had quadrupled from roughly 4% to 17% in Flint, Michigan. In the same turn, President Clinton had not only attempted to modernize financial regulations, but he had also set out to change welfare as we knew it. In doing so, President Clinton decided to replace the Aid to Families with Dependent Children Program (AFDC) with the Temporary Assistance for NeedyShow MoreRelatedGm Bankruptcy11472 Words   |  46 Pageswas founded on Wednesday, September 16, 1908, in Flint, Michigan, as a holding company for Buick after he signed a 15 year contract in Canada with the exchange of 500,000 shares of Buick stock for 500,000 shares of McLaughlin Stock and Dr. Campbell, W Durant’s son in-law put 1,000,000 shares on the stock market in Chicago Buick (then controlled by William C. Durant). Durant s company, the Durant-Dort Carriage Company, had been in business in Flint since 1886, and by 1900, was producing over 100Read MoreGeneral Motors Analysis Essay8283 Words   |  34 PagesGeneral Motors Analysis I. Executive Summary II. Company Overview and History III. Analysis of External Environment a. Analysis of the General Environment b. Analysis of the Competitive Environment i. Dominant Economic Characteristics of the Industry Environment 1. Market size and growth rate 2. Number and sizes of competitors 3. Stage in the industry life cycle ii. Strategic Group Analysis Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesRESOURCE MANAGEMENT Section One This section begins with consideration of factors relevant to strategy-based human resource investment decisions. Factors to be discussed include the organization’s managerial values, risk and return trade-offs, the economic rationale for investments in training, the investment analysis approach of utility theory, and outsourcing as an alternative to investments in human resources. Following the discussion of these factors, specific investments in strategy-related trainingRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesilluminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. Although always appealing to his economic understandings, he has been open to a wide variety of other ideas, recognizing their intellectual strengths and capabilities rather than making artificial distinctions between what is acceptable and what is not. He also has contributed widely to the accounting literature, taking forward the British tradition of economic theorizin g in financial accounting as well as being a constant source of creative thinkingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pageswhich cases would be appropriate for the traditional coverage of topics as organized in typical marketing texts. With most cases it is not possible to truly compartmentalize the mistake or success to merely one topic. The patterns of success or failure tend to be more pervasive. Still, I think you will find the following classification of cases by subject matter to be helpful. I thank those of you who made this and other suggestions. Classification of Cases by Major Marketing Topics Topics Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesComplementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 †¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked OrganizationsRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesimportant step, because it changes the analysis – for example, your industry analysis will yield different conclusions depending on what industry you determine. STEP 2 GENERAL A N A LY S I S ENVIRONMENT Analyse the six generic elements – economic, sociocultural, global, technological, political/legal and demographic – and work out what the important facts are. There may be many issues and facts in each element, but you put down only the important ones. It is also important to avoid the common

Those Winter Sundays Free Essays

Those Winter Sundays Historical Context/Info about Author: Robert Hayden grew up in a poor African-American section of Detroit known as Paradise Valley. At a young age, his parents separated and his mother could no longer afford to keep him so he was sent to live with a foster family. His adoptive father was a strict Baptist and manual laborer and while he was a stern man, he always attempted to care for and nurture Hayden’s love of literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Those Winter Sundays or any similar topic only for you Order Now Summary: The poem, composed in 1962, is a tribute to Hayden’s stepfather in an effort to express both his gratitude for all the hard work he had done for him as well as the regret that he feels for not appreciating him more during his lifetime. The poem’s power is emphasized through the technique of using flashbacks from his childhood and juxtaposing them against the knowledge and newfound respect he now has as a man. This short, simple poem touches on topics such as family relationships, coming of age, and sacrifice for loved ones. Literary Devices Used: Symbolism Imagery – Those Winter Sundays has many symbols and imagery that are well utilized in order to convey Hayden’s message. He refers to his stepfathers â€Å"cracked hands†, which in this case, is used to symbolize the hard work this father was willing to go through for the love of his family. Another symbol present in the poem is his â€Å"polished good shoes† which is another symbol used to express the indirect nature of a fathers love. Even though he was strict and withdrawn he would take the time to make sure that his son would have a better life than he had. Syntax/Structure- In order to emphasize the labored existence of his father, the author repeatedly uses the â€Å"c† sound, which kind of adds the element of pain. Examples of this alliteration include, cracked, banked, thanked, and chronic. The overall structure of the poem also attributes to the underlying tone. It is constructed very simply which may help to express the simplicity of the love between a father and son. They did not lead an extravagant lifestyle and his father didn’t do go out of his way in order to show affection towards his son, but the point was he did what needed to be done even if it was hard, without calling for any appreciation and that was enough to show his love for his family. The poem also ends with a rhetorical question, â€Å"What did I know, what did I know of love’s austere and lonely offices? which helps to show the regret and change in heart the man has had through his own personal growth. Tone- the poem’s tone shifts in the beginning from a cold, harsh tone to a warmer comforting tone by the seventh line. Although by line nine the poem’s tone shifts again to a negative uncomfortable tone. The cold, harshness of the tone described in the first stanza reflects through the coldness of the house, the Father’s cracked achy hands and the fact that no one has ever thanked him. This fluctuation of tone indicates the uncertainty the son feels about his father and whether or not he truly does care for him, which of course as a man he realizes he always had. How to cite Those Winter Sundays, Papers

Auditing Synonymous to Business

Question: Describe about the Auditing for Synonymous to Business. Answer: 1. Risk is synonymous to business. In addition, inherent risk is the risk that arises due to the very existence of business. These risks cannot be detected even after taking proper audit training and doing efficient audit procedures. These are risks that are more capable of getting missed by the audit procedures and internal control functions too. These can be mitigated to some extent but cannot be done away with fully. OneTel, a global telecommunication company is being talked about here. It had business all over the globe. Their business based on innovation and technology. It provided a wide range of integrated products and services to the customers and it was a leader in its business in Australia. Initially only OneTel was a market player. Gradually, more companies got into the industry and more than 35 network providers then entered the industry and joined the race of telecommunication service providing business (Monem, 2009). With more and smaller companies getting into the industry, the call rates and other communication services became cheaper. Competitive prices ruled the industry. More market competition led to more competitive prices of international and long distance calls, and telephony services. With all the scale of business, OneTel was capturing a major share of the market. However, gradually as companies began entering the industry, the market share began decreasing (Monem, 2009). Th e various factors which would have led to inherent risk assessment at financial reporting level are as follows: a. The financial statements of the company reflect that the shares of the company had been issued in the open market. From 355.6 million $ in 1999 it reached to 1225.6 million $ in 2000. Inherent risks arise when there is a high level of investment involved or when transactions are highly complex. Although dematerialization of shares has brought about high level of controls, still there are chances of inherent risks since there are millions of transactions involved and the entire system of share issue, money receipt and allotment of shares is complex. The procedure requires an increased inherent risk assessment. b. A purchase of license transaction in the year 2000 is depicted by the cash flow statement of the company. License purchasing, registration, capitalization, amortization, and maintenance of these accounts is a humongous task. It requires a lot of financial planning and aftermath. This requires inherent risk assessment of a higher degree. The valuations of intangible assets, their charges, are a few of the computations that need management intervention and fair play. There has to be a fixed amount of care and risk mitigation measure to be taken since these are transactions that are more prone to misstatements and mistakes. These are complex transactions involving management judgment and hence need inherent risk assessment procedures to be fully prevalent. As is evident from the financial statements, the company has taken up multiple loans and advances, from short term to medium term to long term. These transactions are much prone to misstatements and mistakes. There are chances of f rauds that can be mitigated and controlled by control risk assessment measures. However, if not for frauds, the natures of risks associated with these transactions involve many inherent risk assessment measures. The company has taken borrowings, issued shares. These attract inherent risk assessment procedures to be in place. c. There are abnormal items in the financial statement. These abnormal items require that there should be risk assessment procedures in place that risks assessed well before time, their impact to be assessed and mitigate. There are huge accumulated losses for the year both at entity level and at consolidated financial statement level. The computation and maintenance, writing off, etc. of accumulated losses is a complex transaction that requires management intervention and hence inherent risk assessments becomes imperative here. There was an increase in the value of plant and machinery. Evidently, there was purchase of plant and machinery. Purchase of assets is a purely management decision making. Discretion of management works. What to purchase, from where to purchase, how to purchase, how to manage finances, the actual requirements should meet with the asset purchased, etc. this needs inherent risk assessment procedure to be in place. Strategic risks are those risks that are crucial to the ongoing of a business and require attention and care as a continuous and long-term effort. Loose ends can be left open if strategic risks have to be mitigated (Cook, 2001). Strategic risks are those that exist at the top most level of management related to incorrect decision making. These risks exist because the management might take a wrong decision or might not be able to implement significant decisions and plans. All planning risks as mentioned above, such as the risks arising because of issue of shares, or purchase of rights and licenses identified at strategic risk assessment level itself (Matthew, 2015). Risk assessment has a top down approach. Risks assessed from the management level and going down they are assessed at the individual transaction level in the name of inherent and control risks. 2. Inherent risk is all about judgment. The judgment of individuals is associated with the measure of risk. Detection risk and control risks can be overcome but what remains is the inherent risk that requires judgment and far sightedness of the management. Inherent risk is present in the system irrespective of the risk management strategy. However, the impact of inherent is entirely based on various factors.The various factors are as under: Given the nature of business, the first and obvious factor that contributes to increased inherent risk is the existence of a large network of companies. The existence of a large number of companies as subsidiaries, holdings, associates, joint ventures, partnerships, all contribute to an increase in the inherent risk. More wide the network, more the number of companies in the network, higher are the chances of risks. There can be many more entities the company has to manage off balance sheet as well. As complexity of management grows, the capabilities of the management to void inherent risks reduce. b. Abnormal events, transactions or any non-routine activity add to inherent risks increased. Abnormal activities require speculations and adjustments that invite inherent risks. Any transaction that involves management estimates and ideas are prone to inherent risks, this is because of the subjectivity of the situation. The transactions or events, their management and measurement, all require estimates and idea of the management that may and may not always hold good for the business (Kaplan, 2011). There is always a risk. Determination of fair value, computation of estimates, etc. pose a risk, the inherent risk. Related party transactions are another factor that increases the inherent risks. This is because of the obvious emotional bias of the management towards the transaction. Thus, a related arty transaction is another fair factor that can increase the inherent risks of an organization. Potential debt covenant violations are another factor which ad to inherent risks. In the given case itself, we see that OneTel has taken huge loans, and all loans come with covenants. Moreover, violations of corporate debt covenants can lead to serious consequences (Kruger, 2009). The company has made losses. Repayment of loans and its interest, or abiding by other covenants is not a cakewalk. A risk of management override is always there. If the management tries to over play, the risk might never be mitigated or even detected. The stronger the audit team the weaker are the risks (Vause, 2009). As we talk about the company and its transactions, we tend to miss the fact that the inherent risks caused by the incompetence of audit personnel as well. An incompetent audit team act as another contributor to inherent risks. Hence training, expertise and knowledge of audit personnel is another prerequisite to mitigate and detect risks. 3. A businesses is started with an obvious thought in mind that it shall run for lifetime. It shall generate profits and run forever. Any activity of business, which can disrupt this thought, needs immediate action against it. The most fundamental accounting assumption is that the business is going to run forever, in the fairest possible way any transaction, decision or event that threatens the possibility of this needs to be highlighted immediately (Manoharan, 2011). All stakeholders and investors expect the business to continue and keep generating profits. Any small activity that tends to threatens these needs to be taken care of (Geoffrey et. al, 2016). This is because it is not just management but expectation of other stakeholders as well (Brown et. al, 2006). Thus, it is very much agreeable that all activities going against the principle of going concern measured, as well as reported as high, medium, or low. It is important for directors and auditors to discuss at the earliest possible opportunity in the audit process any issues that could or do impact the company is going concern assessment. Uncertain or sudden economic crisis is beyond control but all controlled decisions taken to avoid such a scenario. The various factors which cause a set back to the going concern assumption may be various. Such as a major debt repayment failure, non-fulfilment of creditors covenants, indications of withdrawal of credit support, or withdrawal or loss of keep management personnel without replacement, companys inability to face competition, or con tinuous losses, or the companys continuous erosion of assets and consecutive losses. All the above-mentioned factors can lead to considerable losses of finance, and reputation and hence hit the going concern assumption of the company (Douglas et. al, 2015). However, to avert such situation, the management needs to lay a special interest so that there is less room for error. Some factors are under the control of the company and management while some are beyond control. Sudden change of trend, newer products introduced in the market and the company not being fast enough to cope, sudden disrupt or fail in market, a natural calamity etc. are scenarios which affect the going concern of an entity but the entity has no control over these (Wood, 2011). Therefore, there needs to be a parameter that can reflect to the management the gravity of the situation and how immediately it needs to be address. Thus an indicator of high medium and low, to judge how bad or easily manageable the situation is and how fast an action is to be taken is a safe play idea which can be adopted by many. This will help in understanding the overall scenario of the organization and lead to a better action. References Brown, J.W., Chasek, P. Downie, D.L 2006, Global Environmental Politics, Boulder, CO:Westview Press. Cook, T 2001, Collapse of Australia's fourth largest telco adds to growing list of corporate failures viewed 16 September 2016, https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2001/06/onte-j08.html Douglas M.B, Todd, D.F Hermanson, D.R 2015, The Effects of Internal Audit Report Type and Reporting Relationship on Internal Auditors' Risk, Judgments.Accounting Horizons, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 695-718. Geoffrey D. B,Joleen K,K. Kelli SDavid A. W 2016, Attracting Applicants for In-House and Outsourced Internal Audit Positions: Views from External Auditors, Accounting Horizons, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 143-156. Kaplan, R.S., 2011, Accounting scholarship that advances professional knowledge and practice, The Accounting Review, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 367383. Kruger, C 2009, Numbers finally start to add up as operators go back to basics, viewed 19 September 2016, https://www.smh.com.au/business/numbers-finally-start-to-add-up-as-operators-go-back-to-basics-20110121-19zy6.html Matthew S. E 2015, Does Internal Audit Function Quality Deter Management Misconduct?, The Accounting Review, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 495-527 Monem, R 2009, The Life and Death of OneTel, Griffith University. Manoharan, T.N., 2011, Financial Statement Fraud and Corporate Governance, The George Washington University. Vause, B 2009, Guide to Analysing Companies, Bloomberg Press Wood, D A 2011,The Effect of Using the Internal Audit Function as a Management Training Ground on the External Auditor's Reliance Decision, The Accounting Review, vol. 86. No. 6

Law Enforcement Paper free essay sample

This Law Enforcement paper will describe some of the historic background of police agencies and their Jurisdiction in regard to local, state, and federal law enforcement, all of which fall under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security. Also covered in this paper, is a brief overview of each departments responsibilities with regard to their primary purposes. History and Development of Police The rise of police as an organized force throughout the Western world, took place the same time centralized governments name into existence. Police forces have grown all around the world but growth of the English police is of particular interest to students of the criminal Justice system in America. The reason for this is due, to a large extent because early American policing was formed on the British model. With the exception of military intervention, law enforcement was not well-organized until close to the year A. D. 200 (Schmeltzer, 2009). During this early period, law enforcement relied on the efforts of citizens to help with criminal apprehension. In 1829, a man by the named Sir Robert Peel (who eater became prime minister of England) organized what may have been recognized as the worlds first modern police force. That same year, the Metropolitan Police Act, allocated resources for Peels force of 1,000 handpicked men, and The London Metropolitan Police Force (also known as the new police, or Met,) became the model for polices forces all across the world (Schmeltzer, 2009).American leaders paid close attention to Sir Robert Peel as he created Loons new police. One year later, Stephen Gerard, a well-to-do manufacturer, donated a large amount of money to the city of Philadelphia to create a capable police department. The city hired 120 men for the night watch, and 24 to take care of similar duties during the day shift (Schmeltzer, 2009). Polling Today It has been said that America has the most complex law enforcement in the world.There are three major legislative and judicial Jurisdictions that exist in the United States federa l, state, and local. Each has created a wide variety of police agencies to enforce the laws. Local Agencies law enforcement activity in the United States. The term local police make a wide variety of agencies that include municipal department, sheriffs departments, and peccadillo groups like campus police. In the United States, the largest law enforcement agency is the New York Police (NYPD), and they have approximately 38,000 sworn police officers (Schmeltzer, 2009).Even though this number sounds impressive, small town and county sheriffs departments have a much greater number of officers. For example, there are close to 12,700 municipal police departments and 3,100 sheriffs departments throughout the United States (Schmeltzer, 2009). Each incorporated municipality in the country has the authority to create its own police force. Of course there are very small communities that in mom cases only hire one officer and if this is the case, that officer will fill the role of chief investigator as well as anything else needed.State Agencies Generally speaking, state police agencies were formed in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century for the purpose of meeting specific needs. There are several state police agencies that exist today. For example, State Police, Weigh station operations, Highway Patrol, State park services, Port authorities, Fish and wildlife agencies, and State bureaus of investigations, to name a few State law enforcement agencies are most often organized after one of woo models.The first model is a centralized model, where the task of major criminal investigations is also combined with patrolling state highways. With the centralized type, state police agencies will assist local law enforcement with criminal investigations if asked. They will also patrol state highways, operate centralized identification bureaus, provide certain training for municipal and county officers, and maintain a centralized criminal records repository. The second state model is called the decentralized model or type of police organization and operates in the SouthernUnited States, but there are also a few Western states, and it also can be found in the Midwest. With this model, there is a clear difference between traffic enforcement on state highways, and other state-level enforcement activities. For example, some states use both highway patrol and state bureaus of investigation. Even though the names often vary from state to state, the basic functions do not change. Federal Agencies Numerous federal law enforcement agencies are dispersed through the 14 U. S. Government departments and 28 non- departmental entities. In 2007, the Government Accounting Office (GAO) came out tit a report that federal agencies employ a total of 139,929 law enforcement officers also known as OLEOS; people authorized to perform any of the four specific functions: conduct criminal investigations, execute search warrants, make arrests, and carry firearms (Schmeltzer, 2009). Some of the federal agencies are the Defense Criminal Investigative Service, Federal Protective Service, Bureau of Prisons, U. S. Marshal Service, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation.The history of the FBI covers about 100 years. Started as the Bureau of Investigation in 1908, it was designed to serve as he investigative arm of the U. S. Department of Justice. Part of the reason behind this business world. Many would say that the FBI is the most famous law enforcement agency in the country or world. Most Americans hold the FBI in high regard because they believe the FBI stands for everything a law enforcement agency should stand for; that FBI agents are exceptional police officers.War on Terrorism After September 1 1, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon, the Bis efforts at counterterrorism became, especially important to the welfare of this country. The Bis efforts in combating terrorism included collecting, analyzing, and sharing information and critical intelligence with other federal agencies and departments. Some of these departments are the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the National Security Agency (NSA), and the Department of Homeland Security (DASH) as well as other agencies across the country (Schmeltzer, 2009). Some changes were made by the FBI as a result of September, 11, 2001. For example, the FBI has made modernization of its information technology (IT) systems a top-level priority. This is a multi-phased program code-named Trilogy. With Trilogy, the FBI can do three important things: First, the FBI has deployed a secure high-speed network that enables people in the FBI offices around the country to share data, including audio, video, and image files.Second, the FBI has given its agents and intelligence analysts more than 30,000 new computers that run several modern software applications. Third, the FBI has developed an IT infrastructure that enables secure communication with FBI intelligence partners (Grabbers, 2008). The FBI plays an important role in national security by defending against terrorist and by upholding and enforcing the criminal saws of the United States from federal all the way down to state levels.

An exploration into the role of social group stereotyping in teen movies with particular reference to Wild Child 2008 Essay Example

An exploration into the role of social group stereotyping in teen movies with particular reference to Wild Child 2008 Essay Example An exploration into the role of social group stereotyping in teen movies with particular reference to Wild Child 2008 Essay An exploration into the role of social group stereotyping in teen movies with particular reference to Wild Child 2008 Essay Essay Topic: Call of the Wild Dubliners Into the Wild Thirteen Reasons Why Wild An exploration into the role of social group stereotyping in teen movies with particular reference to Wild Child 2008 A stereotype is the preconceived assumption about an individuals characteristics, which place them in a particular group in society. Stereotyping usually forms the basis of prejudice and discrimination not only racial, gender and sexuality but in sub-stereotyping such as the jocks, plastics and geeks as demonstrated in countless teen films. It is a form of social consensus rather than individual judgments and is subconsciously practised by everyone, right or wrong, its inescapable. Walter Lippmann argued that seeing through stereotypes (which he coined in this specific meaning) subjected us to partial truths. 1. The teen sitcom, Saved By The Bell features a typical group of high school stereotypes such as a class clown (Zack Morris), a jock (A.C. Slater), a nerd (Samuel Screech Powers), a cheerleader (Kelly Kapowski), a feminist (Jessie Spano), and a superficial fashion plate (Lisa Turtle) 2 Representation is the artificial versions of the reality we perceive around us; the messages and ideas we interpret from an image / sound. Representation began with early literary theory in the ideas of Plato and Aristotle, Mitchell says representation is an extremely elastic notion, which extends all the way from a stone representing a man to a novel representing the day in the life of several Dubliners3. Semiotic study refers to the meaning of signs and media uses this method to influence the audiences reading of the text. In the teen-pic such signs used are the glasses, the high-wasted-ankle-bashing trousers with braces, slicked down hair unflattering clothing and spots for the geek as shown in Not another Teen Movie directed by Joel Gallen released in 2002 parodies almost 30 popular teen movies. There is no plot to the film, simply a mixture of clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s and other classic moments and a common use of conventions from previous teen pictures. Chyler Leigh as Janey Brigs is a nerd who wears glasses paint splattered overalls and a simplistic hair style, who is later transformed into a prom beauty. The director uses this iconography to establish their characters clearly. The teen movie, also referred to as teenpic and teen film, is a sub-genre, which is targeted at teenagers in which the narrative is based upon the special interests of young adults. One of the first teenpic began in 1955 rebel without a cause this was the first time society came to understand that teenagers (young adults) existed. In 1990, Rebel Without a Cause was added to the preserved films of the United States Library of Congresss National Film Registry as being deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant4 The stories, of what most teenpics are about, are known by theorists as the liminal experience (Adrian Martin 1994). The period suggesting, Frozen teenage time between childhood and adulthood. Over the years the teen movie has merged with other genres: 1970s saw one of the most famous musical films ever Grease followed in the 1980s by Dirty Dancing and more recent High School Musical. In addition to musicals the teen-horror hybrid has emerged, the craze starte d in the last 1970s with Halloween. This exploits the teenage market as a mass audience by not being an enclosed genre and conforming to what constitutes a popular culture at that contemporary time. Wild Child 2008 is a contemporary teenage movie, directed by Nick Moore starring Emma Roberts as Poppy Moore, Alex Pettyfer as Freddie Kingsley and Natasha Richardson as Mrs. Kingsley. Institutionally Wild Child was released in the U.K on August 15 taking 5th place at the box office with $2,196,366 from 359 theatres. In its 4th weekend, it dropped to 12th place.5 Todorovs theory can be applied to Wild Child, as it can to most modern teenpics, because of the narratives equilibrium, disequilibrium and new equilibrium. The narrative explores the life of a spoilt American teenager living the high life in the USA (equilibrium) who is sent to an upper-class private boarding school for girls. Naturally Poppy rebels against the regime as she struggles to find a way to get herself expelled. (Disequilibrium). After numerous failed attempts the ultimate route to expulsion appears to lie in seducing the headmistresss son: Freddie. But as the time of her expulsion draws ever closer and Poppy star ts to settle in and make friends her motives change as she becomes aware of the person she wants to be. (New equilibrium). Wild Child differs somewhat from a lot of teen-pics because the characters are less caricature than those found in a typical, most often American, teen film. The friendship groups do not seem as conventionally defined as most, such as in Mean Girls. It appears to be aimed at the younger teen because of the mild language and absence of strong sexual content and only holds a certificate rating of PG-13, whereas the majority of films are targeted at the late teens and have a certificate rating of 15 18. The director may have seen this gap in the market and created Wild Child specifically for the younger adolescence. The filming on Wild Child does not draw attention to itself however different lighting and colour is used in the beginning of the film of that used later. When Poppy is living her pampered life in Los Angeles the lighting appears artificial being very bright with exaggerated colours and picturesque mis en scene of the beach. Everyones clothes are rich in colour along with a brilliant bright blue sky and ocean, which reflects the perfect weather and lifestyle Poppy had. This is juxtaposed by the grey mundane boarding school of Abbey Mount. The lighting becomes much more natural and colours are less obvious and this conveys realism. The film language supports Poppy as a character, in L.A she chose to wear lots of makeup and long blonde extensions, her attitude was bitchy and spoilt and she was saturated with luxuries that she did not appreciate. Moving to England her personality transformed from worshiping her cell phone to realising her over-dependence on materialistic objects and bec oming honest and true to her friends changing her hair colour to a more subtle brown and ditching the make up. Her character had changed to more down to earth because of the social crowd she was integrating with. The ideology present in the middle of the film touches on body consciousness and image obsession of young girls which is one of societies most talked about issues. A nationwide survey of more than 10,000 adolescents, published in the August issue of Pediatrics, reports a high rate of concern about body image in both boys and girls.6 Poppy asks her friends whether she is hot to trot she tans and cries when she discover ..new season of Gucci in her suitcase is soaking wet. Other ideas along with this include love and relationships, the decline of the nuclear family and rebellion. In the United States of America, the third most populous nation, just under 25% of family units are considered nuclear families.7 The ideology used represents the current social context in which it is set and this is to ensure the teenpic genre is continually renewed to accommodate to its changing audiences. In addition to larger scaled present-day matters Wild Child also taps into individual characters dilemmas of coping with change and social integration between the sub-groups of a high school; worries of how to conform in order to be perceived as one of them. This personal ideology allows the audience to identify with characters. Bullying between social groups has always been a problem in high schools and this is represented in the teenpic. Rebel Without a Cause demonstrates this when Plato, an outsider whom is confused between reality and his own lies but strives for companionship, is rejected by everyone at college and picked on by Buzzs popular bunch. In the 1950s the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States broke out and McCarthyism may have been a factor affecting the inclusion of conflict bullying and violence in the movie. Name calling chicken and even knives were drawn in the beginning of the film followed later by police chases, guns and results in Platos death . McCarthyism was a widespread social and cultural phenomenon that affected all levels of society and was the source of a great deal of debate and conflict in the United States.8 With reference to Wild Child Poppy uses email to bully her friends. Cyber-bullying is a growing issue affecting many teenagers all over the world because of social network sites such as Facebook and Bebo and MSN messenger and email. 42% of kids have been bullied while online. One in four has had it happen more than once 9; and because of this a national anti-bullying week has been held every year since 2005. Teenagers watch teen films for a number of reasons. I think the audiences of teenpics are actively using the text for their particular needs (uses and gratifications theory): Affective needs for entertainment, particularly humor. For example American Pie a successful comedy teen hybrid, dependant on the awkward sex scenes and embarrassment of a high school group for complete hilarity. Also the audience use these films for cognitive needs, to acquire information and understanding of other teens of similar age that come from different cultures. I think teen movies make empathising with others outside of your own social group for youths easier, as many films home into how the under-dog feels i.e. the geek in the teenpic. For example an audience member who falls under the popular category at their own school when watching a teen-pic such as Never Been Kissed and identifying with Josie Gellar who was mocked teased and rejected her whole high school life. Never Been Kissed directed by Raja Gosnell in 1999 is a story about a copy editor from the Chicago Sun Times who is sent undercover to her old high school to find out about what teenagers are like. The film language unveils Josies tormented past through the use of flashbacks. As an audience we are able to understand other peoples emotions in situations unfamiliar to us through their perspective. In contrast an audience may watch a teen movie for self identity. Idolising celebrities and aspiring to be like them, and visualising themselves as that character. A student studying dance is likely to select a dance / teen movie such as Bring it on, Save the Last Dance, Honey and Stomp the Yard because the audience have similar interests and may look, be or act like the character in the film. Wild Child addresses issues which most closely affect the younger teen audience. The film is set in England and so it is most likely to attract an English audience. Following the repertoire of elements for the teen-pic genre the common narratives usually include the high school prom Carrie, the geek becoming popular Thirteen, falling in love High School Musical, loosing of virginity American Pie and getting into college. Generally they follow Todorovs theory with a linear narrative. Teen-pics generally have a feel good happy ending. The popular girls get punished, the geek seeks justice and theres always the ugly girl who falls in-love, Shes All That. A lot of teen films leave the ending inconclusive and produce sequels such as Final Destination 2000 a horror-teen hybrid, there are now four of these movies. The first Final Destination was released before the plane crash attacks of 9/11 in America so was not based on theses events regardless of it being about a premonition about a plane crash. The topical issues and ideology make up the genre of teen. Drugs are commonly present in teen-pics for example Thirteen 2004 directed by Catherine Hardwicke is about a thirteen-year-old girls relationship with her mother is put to the test as she discovers drugs, sex, and petty crime in the company of her cool but troubled best friend. Smoking, snorting cocaine and misuse of solvents all take place during the film. The sickly green wash of the filming and the use of an unsteady hand held camera towards the end of the narrative creates an uneasy trippy feel representing the characters perspective of life. A survey by the World Health Organization reveals that one in three 15 year olds have had sex, two out of three have been drunk and one in three has tried cannabis.10 Thirteen reflects these shocking statistics, as impressionable Tracey finds herself in these situations when peer pressure takes over. The setting is usually at the high school or the shopping mall and other popular teenage hang out points. For example the fairground in Grease. In Wild Child Poppy spends a day raiding the charity shops in the local town near Abbey Mount School with some of her new friends, during this scene Poppys rebellious side is reflected when she purchases alcohol at just 16. The other girls are so impressed by this they adopt her behaviour and attend the evenings disco very drunk wearing outrageous outfits. The stock characters used in teen movies distinguish the teen genre. The archetypical characters rely heavily on cultural types to reflect realism of a high school but in an exaggerated way; this enables the audience to instantly form an opinion and have ready expectations about the role a particular character will play because of previous existing characters. Mean Girls introduces the Plastics, Regina George, Gretchen Wieners and Karen Smith. Dressed all in pink, pristine hair and perfect physique with their artificial smiles, the audience at once understand that they are the mean popular / cheerleader type who every girl in school hates but aspires to be like. The girls are referred to as Plastics which reflects todays societys cosmetic surgery obsession. It is leaked out in the film that Regina has had a nose job and her mother, breast implants. In 2003, more than 223,000 cosmetic procedures were performed on patients 18 years of age or younger and almost 39,000 were surgical proc edures such as nose reshaping, breast lifts, breast augmentation, liposuction, and tummy tucks. Every high school has its own social structure with the Jocks and the Cheerleaders top of the hierarchy and the nerds and band geeks at the bottom and this is why directors use them in their text. To make one teen pic unlike another a unique character who doesnt fall typically into a social stereotypical group. Usually being the central protagonist this character is the peace-maker and do-gooder. Lyndsay Lohan in Mean Girls 2004 directed by Mark Waters plays Cady Heron a girl who grew up in Africa and homeschooled, moves to the USA to attend the last year of high school. She didnt really fit into any category and just seemed like a regular teenager and not a Hollywood manufactured archetype. She befriends a socially excluded Goth and bullied gay boy and then slowly transforms into one of the Plastic cliques. Later good comes out of evil when she returns back to her old self and the girls are confronted by their victims. Cady played the interesting character which makes each teen pic individual. Other archetypes include the sexually active bad geeks, jocks, the hot foreign exchange student. In Wild Child Harriet explains the Abbey Mount hierarchy: There is a hierarchy: Teachers, prefects, scholars, dogs, vermin and Americans this differs somewhat to the American high school structure. The iconography of typical teen-pics comprise of cars, books, rucksacks, featuring cafeterias, the gymnasium clothes shops and classrooms as the mis en scene. Almost all have the classic social stereotyping of the students. Each of the sub-groups has an expected location in the school. The tables in the cafeteria will be separated, occupied by one social group at each, little communication occurs between one table and the next. The jocks will have possession over the gymnasium and the basketball courts the music room always crowded by band geeks the girls toilets made unavailable by a row of plastics re-applying their lipstick and a group of cheerleaders ogling the football players on the school field. Conclusively social group stereotyping has played a leading role in the success of the teenpic spanning over decades. They allow directors to establish their genre through these archetypical characters and assist an audience in forming ready ideas about the role they are going to play. As and audience it is in our preference to witness the reoccurrence of the stereotypes identified in a high school because it reflects a reality and allows us to empathise with a character that in life we see and ignore everyday. It provides excellent opportunities for directors to produce parodies on the teen-pic such as Not another Teen Movie because of all the humorous spoofs available to include; and most teens enjoy humour. Although the social structure in teen films has always been present, the characters themselves have evolved with time. The bullies in Rebel Without a Cause differ slightly to the kind of bully we expect to find in a more contemporary teenpic and with this being the case, I thin k the use of social group stereotypes will never tire.

Assignment #2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

#2 - Assignment Example Zoe was born out of an affair between Judge Payton- who owned large plantation in Louisiana, and his black slave. Zoe found herself in a society that was not tolerant towards blacks. She appreciated the fact that she was not purely a white. In fact, there are cases where she referred to herself as unholy because she had traces of a black person, especially in her eyes. When she met George and he confessed his love for her, she pointed out to the fact that the law did not allow for the marriage between the blacks and the whites. She considered herself more of a black than a white, though the father was a white. However, in the last scene of this play, Zoe did not die as many people had predicted when she said that she would commit suicide. However, she was happily united with George. By changing this scene, the author would have succeeded in demonstrating the negative effect of the racial segregation that riddled the American society. However, the author would have lost the opportunity to point out at the fact that it is possible to overcome racial segregations as is witnessed at the end of the story. The play, Shenandoah, is very interesting. According to Delmore (37), this play became very popular when it was published. It was a success for many people found relevance in the book. It was not only popular during this time because of its richness in emotion and humor, but also for the content. The play depicts the enmity that existed between North Americans and the Southerners. These two regions have been considered as brothers and had treated each other as such. However, this was not the case at this point. This volatility could even be witnessed in families. The fact that this play presents a different angle to life made it very popular. Charlie Anderson, who was widowed, would not let his son fight amongst themselves. He tries to ensure that his sons would be at peace with one another. This made the society have hopes that peace could prevail

Sonic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sonic - Essay Example They are proven to be successful in this line of computer software production. In fact they are dubbed as the leader in digital media. One of the key reasons why they attain this status is their zeal to improve their overall business position through innovation. In fact they are one of the pioneers in burning data in blue-ray DVDs that can store massive amounts of data (up to 50 gigabytes). With the proliferation of the third generation (3G) technology, it is almost a necessity to tap this market. Though Sonic has already been in the business of providing its customers technological mileage in digital media software as compared to its rivals, it has yet to extend its market to mobile phones and gadgets. To keep up with the fast paced, ever changing, and ever shifting world, Sonic, in my opinion, should set its eyes on capitalizing on the benefits given by the most recent technology in mobile devices, particularly on its power to provide real-time duplex video streaming that can enhance productivity, as well as personal interaction. They should also find ways to maximize the productivity of their customers by utilizing commonly used objects, such as watches, for storing and playing digital media. They should engage into partnership with other hardware producers and electronics companies in designing smart products where their software can be used. 2. Digital media has undergone major changes since this technology was first introduced in the market. This technology aims to improve our productivity, our access to and communicability with our other persons and to our environment, and storage and retrieval of files. In short, it should make our life and work easier, more connected with our love ones and our fellow humans and more productive. Another important feature that it gradually adopts is its accessibility and usability by all. The invention of mobile phones and other portable gadgets capable of playing video files is an example of digital media innovation. In line these innovations in digital media, Sonic, in my opinion, should further enhance their leadership in this field of technology. They need to capitalize on the mobile gadgets market, particularly on mobile phones. Now that 3G technology users are increasing, they should find out possibilities to capture this market segment. To penetrate this market, the first new product that I would suggest is they should collaborate with mobile phone producers, and operating systems developers for mobile phones to create a mobile phone that can convert 3G streaming to DVD quality video and has a small-sized blue-ray DVD burner. By inventing this technology, mobile phones user can avail of DVD quality video file by merely using their 3G capable phones. Another new idea worth introducing to the market is the production of DVD and CD burners and players for watches. With the partnership of digital watch producers, this new product will enable its consumers to use watches for pleasure as well as for saving important document and video files by the use of their watches. This digital phone can function as a PDA and a 3G phone that has Sonic software for viewing and burning ordinary or blue-ray DVD. Another product that they can add to their innovative product line is a program that can amplify the resolution of videos. This would entail improving the quality of video by converting ordinary video CDs into superior

Concept Analysis. The Concept of Therapuetic Relationship in Mental Essay

Concept Analysis. The Concept of Therapuetic Relationship in Mental Health Nursing - Essay Example In a mental health setting, establishing a therapeutic relationship with the patient makes it easier to provide interventions and initiating two-way communication with the patient. Assumptions Mental health nurses hold a set of beliefs or values that guide them in their work. First, mental health is considered as a specialized area of nursing practice, education, and research (Videbeck 2010). Mental health nursing is an essential component of the mental help profession, making use of various nursing, psychosocial, and neurobiological theories, as well as research evidence towards the development of general, patient-centred mental health interventions (International Society of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses 2011). Second, the mental health nursing practice places importance on the promotion of mental health and interventions focused on the prevention, treatment, and management of mental disorders. Moreover, a successful therapeutic relation between patient and nurse is founded on tr ust and mutual respect. Establishing a therapeutic relationship with a patient is an important step towards removing the stigma and discrimination commonly associated with mental illness (Videbeck 2010). Third, the mental health nursing profession acknowledges the essential role of research in the development of improved mental health care approaches and interventions. Fourth, the promotion of mental health goes beyond the doors of a mental institution by encouraging society to take action and take part in shaping health and organizational policy. This can be realized by fostering collaboration between individuals, families, communities, populations and social agencies (Videbeck 2010). Mental health nurses advocate a holistic approach, equal access to culturally competent care, protection of human rights, and safe, conducive work environments. Moreover, the mental health profession promotes reflective ethical practice, continuous learning, and the establishment of a moral and vision ary nursing leadership that adheres to the Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses (Videbeck 2010). Goals of Concept Analysis Rodgers (1989) acknowledged the importance of the development and clarification of the nursing knowledge base. Concepts are essential components required to perform specific tasks, and any ambiguity that exists on a concept, whether by definition or attribute, would affect its effectiveness in addressing a particular situation. This is the reason why concept analysis is commonly utilized to ensure that important concepts possess a definite degree of clarity. However, the method of concept analysis in the field of nursing is not fully understood by nurses. This is due to the fact that most nurse scholars fail to fully examine the philosophical foundations and results of concept analysis. Most nurses therefore have no clear idea how the methods of concept analysis works Meleis (2007) described the goal of concept analysis as a method of advancing a specific concep t to a higher level of development. Specifically, concept analysis is performed to determine how a concept may be used in research, clinical practice, instrument development, and theory testing. The most common methods utilized are: Wilson’s Method of Concept Analysis, an 11-step technique for clarification and conceptual communication;

Marries Is Better Than Being Single Essay Example for Free

Marries Is Better Than Being Single Essay There are lots of discussion and arguments about to being single or getting married nowadays. The new generation might not willing to bound into marriage life and they wish to remain in single life so they can have more privacy, freedom and the commitment of   responsibilities. However, marriage is union ordained by God and it is also a wonderful union of two people in love. It is unique, opposite-sex union with legal, social, economic and spiritual dimensions. Getting married does bring a lot of advantages to a person either family. The biggest advantage for getting married is emotional stability. Married people treat their own family as shelter and they can feel secure and relax when staying together with their family. Family provides a peace and comfort zone for those married people to restore their energy. Marriage can helps the couple to become more tolerant, unselfish, caring and more responsible. Its provide a chances for the husband and wife to grow with and sharing their life’s challenges, rewards and sorrows with a person who actually knows and understand what you going through and feels the same frequency. There are a lots of difficulties have to learn by marriage people as that is not easiest to living with someone for the rest of their life. They have to overcome all the problems facing by them and to learn how to take care of others feeling, patience, emotion control, temper, time management and attitude towards their family. In a marriage life, there are always someone’s to hear your companions. It is good to have someone there to have a share, to bounce ideas or to have a witty exchange of remarks. Companionship among the married peoples also offers support and can be particularly important at times of trouble or stress. At such times, married people have distinct advantages over being single. The other advantage for marriage is that allows couples to pool their both incomes to share the cost of living and debts, save more money for retirement and doing investment. The married people can also sharing a house, car and food so they can enjoy save cost for basic living conditions compare with a single person. Therefore, people who are married become less poverty but more wealth and their money goes further. It is because, they tend to specialize, exchange, and share roles and functions in ways to generate higher earnings, encourage savings, helping each other’s to restrain from impulse spending, and generally leave the family financially better off. Marriage can also leads to better health and greater longevity for people. There are more likely to enjoy better physical health. The spouses are intimately aware of and impacted by their spouse’s choices. In a sense, couples have a significant vested interest in watching out for one another and encouraging healthy choices and behaviour. For example, the wife might not allow her husband drinking, smoking or other unnecessary risk-taking and also control his weights. Compared to single, divorced or widowed people, the married people experience less depression, anxiety, and other types of psychological distress. Besides, the married people will have active, satisfying and safety sex lives compared with single people. The married people tend to have more sex because it costs them less in time, money and psychic energy. They have find it more satisfying because their sex partner is more available, less distracted, more eager and more secure and able to please. The higher levels of satisfaction for married couples is related to the fact that marriage adds meaning to the sexual act because it symbolizes a union that is based on sexual fidelity, stronger commitment and emotional intimacy. It had increased their commitment and their sense of responsibility, and had generally strengthened their relationships. In addition, the married life can brings greater safety towards the married people and expand their social network. It’s because, the married people have companion to visit places together, visit friends or holiday together. For the single person, that is far more difficult as often modern social life is geared around couples and the single person can often feel left out or sometimes, simply not invited. At times, perhaps, having children might seem to impede their social life but it just brings a change in your social life and much of that social life involves being with your children. Lastly, married people will create a family with a new and challenging life instead of boring life compared with single people. Families are created and held together by the lifelong commitment of a man and a woman who live cooperatively and raise and nurture the children born to them. Families are the building block essential to the formation of a community, and strong social structure arises from the foundation many families provide. A thriving society and culture depend on stable marriages. For example, as marriage declines in a culture,  the state must spend more money and care for children who less of the financial stability with divorce family background. Strong marriages statuses are at the heart of thriving family and community. In conclusion, getting married is better than being single as there married leads to emotional stability, financial stability, train the couples become more independent and responsible, better health and greater longevity, have wonderful sexual life, easy to expand social networks and have a new challenging life instead of boring life compared to single people. Getting married is not an easy but it does bring a lot of meaningful to individuals, family and the community.

Some Surrender :: English Literature

Some Surrender I have recently reviewed the short story â€Å"Some Surrender† written by Bernard MacLaverty. It deals with the relationship between the father and the son however wider issues including bigotry and prejudice are also incorporated into the story. Maclaverty choose to set the story in Belfast and the strained relationship between the father and son. The two men are meeting to celebrate the fathers 75th birthday. They meet on a local hill on the outskirts of Belfast. We see the symbolic relationship between the struggle up the hill and the men’s relationship. â€Å"†¦.The steep angle of the hill†¦.† They have not been speaking to each other for the last 20 years and only in recent times have the met. We soon discover the source of the struggling and damaged relationship is the mother. After marrying a roman catholic and having a baby with his wife before they were married he was shunned from his family as his actions conflicted with his mothers strong sectarian beliefs. The father also mentions â€Å"†¦.done this climb since you were small†¦.† This shows that much time has passed and also that the characters are familiar with the setting. The son based a book he has created of photos taken in Belfast this also shows that the son has returned to Belfast in the past but not to be with his family. The title of the book is â€Å"Some Surrender† which is based on the protestant slogan â€Å"No Surrender.† The story is divided into four parts during which we learn about the characters and plot. It is also told in present tense. The first part forms the climb of their journey. We learn about the background of the two men their secret meetings and the son’s alienation from the mother. The story is told in the dialog of the two men through which we see humour, honesty, strain etc between the two characters. They are celebrating the fathers 75th birthday and are reminiscing and catching up with each other. The main focus is on Roy we hear of the broken relationship with his mother and the damaged relationship with his father. We learn that Roy is a photographer with some success. â€Å"I see your postcards all over the place. Supermarkets even.† He lives in Dublin and is now separated from his wife. We also her how much is his mother disapproved of the son’s marriage. â€Å"She wasn’t even a good catholic.† It is evident that bigotry is the main cause of the problems. In the second part we hear again through the humour and dialog of the characters the problems that exist in Ireland and why each thinks the

The Importance of Voting

Voting is crucial in the progression of our society, good or bad, and our future. The simple act of voting can change the entire United States of America. It can aid in the positive or negative political growth, creating allies with other countries, or simple things such as our rights as the American citizens. In order to vote, some political background should be present. This eliminates the issue of voting for a certain political party based solely from others beliefs. This knowledge can be obtained from basic research such as articles, novels, and trusted internet websites. Many people decide to vote before they truly know who they are voting for. Some may not even be educated on politics at all. For me what makes it so important is the amendments, we the people have a right to vote. Like the second amendment the right to bear arms there are some out there that want to take that away but to me, I think they're crazy for insisting that diminishing the use of firearms get rid of some crime issues. Criminals will find a way to get gun, whether it is legal or not, this will only stop the law abiding citizens from the right to carry. I believe that school can setup a system to keep guns out of schools. For me a firearm is is for hunt and protection, what they have been used for many generations. Our veterans had fought for our right to vote for what we believe in. People complain on how things are going in this country but most don't even vote so the have no right to complain because they're not trying to vote for what they believe that will make things better for we the people. As far as political growth is considered, many people believe straight Republican or straight Democrat. When someone is elected of a different political party, this creates a divide in our country. During election, when you look at the polls it is easy to notice that certain areas are predominantly one party. If it comes down to it, just a few votes could change the outcome entirely. For example, if your family is straight republican party, yet the democratic party is up in the election, encouraging your family and friends who share a common beliefs as you, can make quite a huge change. On the flip side of the spectrum, if you vote based solely off of what others believe, this could open the door for even a larger amount of dispute between groups. Personally, I was anti- Hillary Clinton from the start due to the fact that she considers herself a Modern Democrat as well as analyzing the way her husband ran our country while in office. Donald Trump not only is a Republican, he also has done many things to impact our economy in a positive way. This is an example of deriving information from trusted sources and voting for a party that I truly agree with. Another reason that it is important to vote is because we need to be able to create relationships with other countries. Our economy runs based off of the trade of goods and services to and from other countries. Having resources available that come from China, Taiwan, and many other countries helps our economy grow stronger. However, due to past electorates, we are very far indebted to China, this is one thing that Trump is working on eliminating. Being in debt to other countries creates conflict which directly leads to war. Voting is necessary to run a country and as a citizen on the United States of America, I believe that it is my duty to ensure that I have voted for the person I believe will run our country properly and effectively. To me, the most important thing that I look for in a possible president is if they have a common political view as me, someone who knows how to create allies with neighboring countries, and most importantly, someone who will not try to eliminate the so called, unalienable rights, guaranteed to citizens.

“Life is the most Spectacular Show on Earth!”- Sara Gruen, Water for Elephants.

â€Å"All I can do is put in time waiting for the inevitable. Observing the ghosts from my past, rattling around in my vacuous present. They crash and bang and make themselves at home, mostly because there's no competition. I've stopped fighting them. † says Jacob Jankowski, who is now ninety (or ninety three). Mr. Jankowski reflects upon memories of himself as a young man, tossed by an unnerving past into the lively world of the circus. Without a home, friend to call, or penny to his name- the circus must be ideal for Jacob, but is it? Page by page, this new life proves to be both a sanctuary and a literal hell for Jacob.Revealing the horrors of the circus, the beauty of all things living, and the reality that life that never stops moving forward, Sara Gruen presents; Water for Elephants- a profound, brilliantly written novel that lives, teaches, and captivates far beyond the last page. â€Å"I had my whole life planned, I knew exactly where it was taking me.. † said J acob Jankowski- before fate threw him into a whole new world; a world filled with freaks and secrets, a world with it's own set of rules, and it's own way of life. A youthful Jacob proves to be intelligent and compassionate, as well as honest and independent.Studying at Cornell, Jacob appears to be on a road to success. One moment he is taking the final exam at Cornell. And the next, Jacob's road to success is taken from beneath his feet. Both of his parents have died in a car accident, now orphaned and without a home or money, Jacob leaves Cornell and before he can blink he has jumped onto a train owned by the Benzini Brothers Most Spectacular Show on Earth. â€Å"Age is a terrible theif. Just when you're getting the hang of life, it knocks your legs out from under you and stoops your back. It makes you ache and muddies your head and silently spreads cancer throughout your spouse.†Says a now older Jacob Jankowski in his ninties, predestined to await his death in a nursing ho me. With his life now behind him, Mr. Jankowski is a defiant, frustrated old man with the same independence he had as a student at Cornell. His soul now weathered, we learn that he is a man with an old soul, he has lived his life honestly. However, life in this home has suffocated his independence, and frustrated him deeply. He feels he is being treated like an animal in the circus, not as a respected human being. He reminises, asking himself many of the questions that we ask ourselves; am I happy?Am I successful? am I at peace?. Mr. Jankowski is a man who lived through one of the biggest circus disasters in history, yet no one has found the time to listen to him, Mr. Jankowski is left alone to reflect on his life. Though his memory fails him at times in the present, his life in the past remains vivid and evident, he recalls every last detail of his life in the circus. Mr. Jankowski's memories, written as he remembers, become the unforgettable story- Water for Elephants. Jacob Janko wski is studying at Cornell, an Ivy league college, he is extremely successfull.At this moment, Jacob seems to have a healthy, successfull life in the palm of his hands, but Jacob soon finds himself in complete despiration, confusion, he has nothing. Both of Jacob's parents have died in a car accident, Jacob is notified that at the time of their death, his parents did not have a dollar to their name. They had stopped paying mortgage, in order to pay for Jacob's tuition. Jacob's home, and all of his parents possesions are now property of the state. Jacob has no friends to call, no money to support himself, and no family other than his deceased parents.Jacob is in shock, he is cold, he feels he is watching himself walk aimlessly throughout life. During Jacob's final exam at Cornell, Jacob discovers that his life has suddenly lost all meaning. Jacob leaves in the middle of his exam, and he never looked back. These events have brought Jacob to a river, where he finds, and boards a train . He did not know where this train was going, or why he was on it. All he knew was that his new life now lied within wherever the train was heading. Jacob finds that this train is owned by Benzini Brother's Most Spectacular Show on Earth. This begins the journey that turned Mr.Jankowski into the man he is today. On the train- Jacob meets Camel, an old, fatherly figure, and a harmless drunk. Camel warns Jacob about life in the circus, and advises him that if he has a home, to go back to it, that life on the train will prove to be more of a nightmare than whatever he's left behind. Jacob assures Camel that he has left nothing behind, all that he has lies ahead of him. With this said, Camel speaks to Uncle Al (the ringmaster), who is very insterested in Jacob. Having an Ivy league veterinarian makes Benzini Brother's one step closer in comparison to their rival, Ringling Brother's.Jacob now has a job, a home, and more or less, a family on the train. Jacob is staying in a car with a per former named Walter, and his dog Queenie. Jacob does his job, and goes far beyond that. He sees that the animals are being mistreated, underfed, and are not supplied with clean water, this is unsettling to Jacob, who does what he can to help these abused animals. Jacob meets August (head of the animal acts) and his wife, Marlena (one of the show's stars, lead of the equestian act). Jacob is attracted to Marlena, but August and other workers have made is clear that Marlena is off limits, and August will do anything to make that clear.Jacob quickly falls in love with life under the big top, and discovers the beauty in circus ‘freaks'. They are all people just like him, with nothing in their past but sorrow, and no way of continuing forward, besides the train. Jacob discovers all the the show's secrets, some beautiful, some horrifying. As the show travels from city to city, the effects of the Great Depression become more apparent, more people get redlighted, less animals get fed, the conditions for all life depending on the Show get drastically worse. Benzini Brothers eventually accumulate a circus elephant named Rosie.She was the ‘great gray hope' the new act that was going to put Benzini Brothers on the map, Rosie would be the salvation of the show. Unfortunately, Rosie is deemed useless. August cannot communicate with her, therefore he cannot train her, and she may not preform and save the show. August's anger and mental instability cause him to abuse her on a regular basis. Jacob sees this, and it upsets him. Jacob learns that Rosie is indeed intellegent, she can be trained, and she can perform. The barrier between August and Rosie was that Rosie did not understand English.With Jacob's help, August trains Rosie in her vernacular- German. Meanwhile, Camel has become incredibly sick. Jacob searches restlessly for answers, from town to town looking for a doctor with answers. Camel has become useless to the show, now paralyzed, and slowly dying, he co uld no longer work. In the times of the Great Depression, Benzini Brothers couldn't afford to feed a man who can't do his job. It is apparent to Walter and Jacob that if Uncle Al hears of Camel's illness, he would be redlighted that evening. Jacob discovers that Camel has Jake Poisoning.Jake Poisoning was common during the 1930s Prohibition Era, it came from drinking Jamacian Ginger extract. Jacob and Walter hid their old, now paralyzed friend in their traincar, planning to meet up with Camel's son in one of the cities of Benzini's performances. Unfortunately, Uncle Al discovers Camel before he could be taken to safety. This is during one of the shows most financially tragic times in the Great Depression, in order to stay in bussiness and be able to feed the animals, they must cut more performers, and more workers. Walter and Camel are redlighted, Jacob escapes death.Jacob and Marlena become closer, they share an unconditional love for the animals, and a passion for eachother. They are both running from their pasts, and reaching out for someone to hold. Their romance must remain secret to ensure their safety. They are cautious, but August suspects that Marlena is unloyal. August becomes progressively more violent, and eventually lashes out- beating both Marlena and Jacob. Marlena explains to Jacob that August charmed her during her earliest days in the circus she felt lust for him and they married, but this perfect image soon turned dark. August was abusive, bipolar, and very angry.In conclusion, Marlena leaves August and is finally able to aknowledge her love her Jacob. A surviving group of men that were redlighted during the Depression catch up with the show, and start an animal riot during one of it's performances. With animals running wild in the bigtop, there is chaos amoungst the performers. During this, Jacob struggles to find Marlena to ensure her safety. As Jacobs eyes lock onto Marlenas, he sees Rosie behind her, lift the stake the once constricted h er from the ground. She ‘lifted the stake high in the air and brought it down splitting his (August's) headlike a watermellon'. Jacob and Marlena live happily together, they marry, and have children. Jacob gets his degree at Cornell, Rosie, Bobo (Jacob’s baboon), and four of Marlena’s beloved horses accompany them in Ringling Brothers Circus. Jacob's children grow up, Marlena dies of cancer, and Jacob retires to a nursing home. prohibition era important to plot- caused camels death. came from jamacian ginger extract, jamacian ginger itself was not dangerous, but during prohibition the government recognized it as a source of alochol, and changed its contents.Setting- Setting greatly impacts the course of this novel. In fact, many of the struggles Jacob faced as a young man in the circus were a direct outcome of the time period this novel was set in. One major setting of this novel is the Benzini Brothers circus. Where a young Jacob runs to in a time of complete de spiration, where he is hired as a veterinarian, meets and falls in love with Marlena, a star in the show. After leaving Benzini Brothers, Marlena and Jacob work at Ringling. This later impacts his life one final time; Mr. Jankowski leaves the nursing home to return to the circus, his real home.In the final pages of this novel, Jacob resorts back to the circus, the only place he feels accepted. Jacob becomes the tickmaster for Ringling. Another main setting of this novel is the retirement home. This retirement home is where he relives his youth, and tells it in story form, which is what we read. It is here that Jacob reflects on his life, and we watch and understand his thoughts and frustrations. This retirement home was set next to a park, Jacob looks out his window and sees the circus is in town, which sets this story into action.In the retirement home, Jacob feels alienated, alone, and forgotten. The time period also greatly effected this novel- both the Great Depression and the 1 930s Prohibition took place during this novel. Due to the Great Depression, the Benzini Brothers Most Spectacular Show on Earth was sturggling financially, resulting in it’s workers being ‘red lighted’. The Prohibition evidentially caused Camel’s death. The prohibition was a national ban of the transport, consumption, and sale in the United States from 1920 to 1930.As a result, the government Jamacian Ginger as a potential alcohol source, and because of this, required manufactures to change its contents before sale. It was later dicovered that these modifications to Jamacian Ginger cause paralayzation, which Camel suffered from. Symbolism- Symbolism is an important, and commonly used element in this novel. One symbol used in this novel is the stake that holds Rosie to the ground. August chained her up, in order to control and confine her. This stake represents captivity, and pain.Later in the novel, this stake also symbolizes freedom. The stake that was on ce used to confine Rose, fulling exposing her to August’s abuse, was used to kill August, freeing Rosie, Marlena, and Jacob. Included in the title, water is another evident symbol in this novel. Throughout the entire novel, water represents purity, and a fresh start. When Jacob left his final exams and walked to the trains, there was a river nearby which he rinsed his feet on. Being by this river led him to the train tracks, which led Jacob to a whole new world.Throughought the book, each of it’s characters carry heavy burdens, mistakes, and haunting memories from the past, water represents an escape from these horrors. The train tracks represent life’s way of continually moving forward, never pausing to wait for it’s passengers. Rosie’s desperation represents the American’s struggle during the Great Depression. Conflict- Man vs. Nature (Barrier between domesticated animals and the humans that try to train and confine, rather than understand them. ), Man vs. Self (Mr. Jankowski vs. Jacob Jankowski), and Man vs. Man (Jacob vs.August over both Marlena and the animals) are all represented throughout this novel. Flashback- Flashback is another literary element used throughout this novel. Flashback greatly impacts the mood of this book, allowing us to see the conflict between young Jacob and old Jacob. This flashback also allows us to see Mr. Jankowski’s yearning for young love, young passion, and feeling accepted. Foreshaowing- Foreshadowing is introduced within the first few pages, revealing to us that Jacob has witnessed a murder, this keeps the reader’s attention, the details of the murder are not revealed until the final chapter.I thoroughly enjoyed this book, page after page it captivated me. I would find myself reading for hours on end, Gruen’s imagery made you, yourself feel like you were living a hectic life in the circus. Each page pulled you farther into a world of freaks, ringmasters, anger, love, and above all, passion. Water for Elephants taught the lifechanging lesson, that in the end, everyone returns home. I storngly suggest this novel to a mature audience who wants to be enchanted by rich memories of the circus, and an old man’s fight to maintain dignity and sanity in a changing world.

Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay Essay Example

Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay Essay Example Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay Essay Working With The Homeless Social Work Essay Essay Using recent research discuss how recent attacks have sought to undertake the lodging and homelessness jobs and critically analyse, utilizing modern-day studies and policy proclamations, how the late elected Conservative and Liberal democrat alliance authorities may impact these attacks. Nobody should be made homeless by controversial cuts to lodging benefitsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦I do nt believe it will be necessary for anybody to travel without a place David Cameron, UK Prime Minister, ( BBC, 28/10/10 ) . In 2008, due to assorted grounds, there was a terrible addition in defaults on sub premier mortgages in the U.S.A. This caused a deficit of financess available for loaning that meant loans became impossible to acquire. What we now call the banking crisis spread throughout the remainder of the universe and brought the universe to its articulatio genuss. The affect in the UK resulted in the trouble in obtaining mortgages ; house monetary values fell and the state entered what is considered the worst recession since the Great Depression of 1929. In June 2010, elections were held in the UK and the Coalition Government ( Conservative and Liberal Democrats ) came into power with a shortage of ?155 billion one of the worst shortages as a per centum of GDP in the universe ( The Telegraph, 19/2/10 ) . The new Government decided on severe steps to cut down the state s shortage and in October 2010, the alliance s comprehensive disbursement reappraisal ( CSR ) was published. Equally shortly as the cuts were announced, several taking homelessness charities urged the Government to rethink the cuts to the benefits budget as they feared the consequence it would hold on the vulnerable and declared that the CSR is a catastrophe for the really people ; who are most deserving of the Governments support ( BBC, 22/10/10 ) . This essay will endeavor to discourse the impact of the late elected alliance authorities on the homeless and those administrations that help and back up them. Since the debut of the Homelessness Act ( 2002 ) , there has been a dramatic decrease in the figure of homelessness applications made to local councils in England. Likewise, the lessening seen in Wales has been since the debut of the Welsh Assembly Governments revised National Homelessness Strategy in 2005. The impermanent adjustment provided to the homeless which are usually in bed and breakfasts and inns have been reduced by the Government and since 2002 the preferable method has now been to utilize the private sector. In add-on, the 2006 Homelessness Order introduced a set of criterions for impermanent adjustment and whether the adjustment was suited to run into the demands of the person/s, nevertheless this has farther added to the addition in private sector leasing. ( Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2009, online ) . Although the figure of homeless have reduced with the debut of policies, schemes and Acts, it has still been left largely to the 3rd sector, and the funders of the charities, to go on presenting front line services that support vulnerable people who find themselves trapped in the revolving door of homelessness . There has besides been a dramatic betterment in the handiness of services that have ensured that the most vulnerable people in society are supported and which facilitate people in developing their accomplishments that will enable them to construct a better life for themselves. Agencies such as Shelter, Crisis and Sitra, and many other voluntary and community sector organsations around the UK have ensured that support has been available for people to assist them settle into lasting places, maintain their occupancy ; happen employment ; manage fundss and reconstruct their assurance. Assorted charities such as Turnaround and A Chance 2 Work have taken on the function of suppl ying preparation ; assisting people with procuring suited adjustment ; signposting them onto bureaus where they can farther develop their accomplishments and besides frequently supplying a Centre where people can run into, be active, and have a sense of community ( Homeless Link, online, 2010 ) . Additionally Shelter support a figure of voluntary undertakings, ( such as Fab Pad and Starter Packs both in Scotland ) , which work with the homeless and besides supply advice, information and protagonism to people in lodging demand and indefatigably run to stop homelessness ( Shelter, 2010 ) . However the CSR has now influenced cardinal authorities support which in bend has affected local authorization ( LA ) support ; private sector lodging ; the lodging market reclamation and decreased support for registered societal landlords. Changes to lodging benefits, with caps on payments to be introduced, eligibility standards and proposed alterations to societal lodging term of office and loss of secure support for lodging plants all have changing deductions harmonizing to LA disbursement programs. These may include rent additions for societal renters ; reduced entree to LA equity release merchandises ; less suppport for traveling and increased force per unit area on twosomes and individual older people to travel out of household sized places across term of office. It is argued that these severe steps will probably coerce households from their places and metropoliss, into debt, onto the street and could do 1000s of people to be made homeless in the UK ( Cocks, Care and Repair, 20 10 ) . The National Housing Federation ( NHF ) claim that decreases in payments for people claiming Jobseekers Allowance could go forth a big figure of the 4.7 million claiming lodging benefit with less disposable income to run into the cost of necesseties ( such as nutrient and public-service corporations ) which could take to a steep rise in evictions and up to 202,000 people losing their places, despite what the Prime Minister says ( BBC, 04/07/10 ) . Although it sounds sensible that individual people under 35 on lodging benefit will non be able to acquire adjustment on their ain, it will be hard for people such as domestic force victims to portion houses with others. Natalie Peart ( 2010 ) points out in the November issue of the Pavement that it is a strong possibility that after the immense stairss which Glasgow City council has taken to better impermanent adjustment by traveling people from out-of-date inns into supported occupancies in existent places could all but disappear and the big homeless inns could return because of the cuts in benefits and allowances. In add-on, Murray ( Libdem, 2010 ) states that the complex agreements that have changed sing the principal of the computation of lodging benefits will go forth many people with less benefit to afford the rent in private sector places and will further ensue in many going homeless. He goes on to reason that unless more low-cost places are built with the right substructure and integrated into bing communities, so many people will be left behind. The consequence of the current alliance authorities s policies will intend more overcrowding, more wretchedness and more people kiping on our streets ( Libdemvoice, online, 2010 ) . Although Shelter welcomes the Governments proclamation that the homelessness and Supporting Peoples ( SP ) grants have been left untasted, it is to be remembered that the SP budget was once pealing fenced, but lost its protection in 2009 and can still be raided by other council sections. They further argue that these grants merely meet the demands of the people who are in the worst state of affairss and does non assist the 1000000s of people who already face the on-going battle to happen and maintain a nice low-cost place, particularly with the rise in unemployment and autumn in disposable income ( Shelter, 2010 ) . Cirencester Housing for Young People have already lost their SP support and this raises the inquiry whether the charity will last ( Homeless Link, online, 2010 ) . Kent Council for illustration has admitted that it is trusting to do significant nest eggs when they re-tend the SP contracts and there are rumors that the figure of SP contracts will be dropped from 72 to 22 w hen the re-tendering procedure Begins ( Inside Housing, online, 2010 ) . As LA s have had their portion of grant support badly cut from cardinal authorities, funding grants usually given to the 3rd sector have been either significantly reduced or withdrawn. This in bend has caused redundancies or working hours being reduced in frontline staff and is impacting how charities are able to assist those that are either at hazard of being homeless or are stateless. The lodging charity Sitra advised that a figure of governments have already implemented terrible decreases to disbursement on lodging related support ( Sitra, online, 2010 ) and harmonizing to Mr Sinclair ( main executive of homelessness charity Broadway ) many charities are being asked by the LA s to cut down the cost of the service by 10 15 % with a intimation that if they are unable to, the charity could be dropped from the contract and the service put out to tender. This would intend that smaller charities which are non in a stable fiscal place would hold to shut if they cut monetary values on bi ng contracts or lose out to cheaper commands. The charity Framework obviously states that the disbursement cuts will impact them greatly. They already have a immense waiting list and they are unable to, at present, do plenty for stateless people with farther support cuts. The loss of staff and the possible closing of the Centre will intend that local homeless people will hold nowhere to travel ( Framework, online, 2010 ) . Even local administrations such as the Citizens Advice Bureaux, Opening Doors, Warrington Community Law Centre and Age Concern Mid Mersey are already covering with an tremendous work load, which has meant working beyond their capacity and, since the CSR, has seen a immense addition in the figure of people through their doors. Without the administrations that provide advice, information, security and support for people to travel into their ain place, enable them to populate independently and guarantee that they do non go homeless once more, many people that 3rd sector bureaus presently support will stop up bac k on the street. Harmonizing to the Conservative Blueprint for Undertaking Homelessness ( 2008 ) , the Conservative Party was committed to undertaking homelessness in society and understand that in order to decently turn to this issue we must travel beyond covering with it strictly as a job of lodging and alternatively accept the multi-faceted nature of homelessness . As portion of the solution, all relevant Whitehall sections including Housing, Work and Pensions, Health and Justice and Defence would be turn toing the issue of homelessness. Similarly the Broad Democrats housing and homelessness pronunciamento included providing much needed aid to those who are fighting at the borders of society by making 1000s of occupations and supplying much needed low-cost lodging to do a existent difference to those who do non hold shelter. The pronunciamento stated that protecting and assisting vulnerable people would stay at the top of their docket ( Broad Democrats, online, 2008 ) . However one time the CSR was announced, it became clear that the rough budget cuts might non guarantee that homelessness remains a precedence on the docket when, for illustration, the disposal budget for most sections was to be slashed by 33 -35 % ( HM Treasury, 2010 ) . Campbell Robb, main executive of the lodging and homeless charity Shelter argues that a sequence of authoritiess has failed to turn to our lodging crisis and today s proclamations suggest the alliance has steadfastly joined them in denying duty for an full coevals s ability to entree decent, secure, low-cost lodging . He continued to state that it was a immense blow to see that lodging which was one of the most basic demands for every individual individual in the UK was confronting some of the biggest cuts in the CSR ( Daily Mirror, 21/10/10 ) . The significant lessening in support for lodging will go forth 100s of 1000s of people on the waiting lists for a nice place. New council house renters will hold to pay well more with rents lifting to 80 % of the market rate and with merely 150,000 new places being built over the following four old ages, warnings that the figure of stateless people will lift hold been repeated by taking charities ( Daily Mirror, 21/10/10 ) . Although the authorities has committed to constructing 150,000 low-cost places, this is about a cut of 30 % from current degrees. The mark set by the authorities of 3 million new places by 2020 is improbable to be met as it means 240,000 places should be built every twelvemonth something that has non been achieved since the early 1990 s and is non on the current docket ( Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2009 ) . Mr Robb ( NCH, 2010 ) criticised Mr Osborne s opinion on lodging, adding that the proposed figure of up to 150,000 low-cost places over four old ages repres ents less than a 3rd of what this state desperately requires to convey the lodging system from its articulatio genuss. However constructing new places will non work out the homelessness crisis or even stop the ceaseless lodging demand in Britain it is far more complex than that. We are still confronting an addition in birth and divorce rates, addition in length of service, people traveling in and out of institutions ( such as prisons, infirmaries, psychiatric arrangements and immature people go forthing attention ) , increased Numberss of refugees and refuge searchers and in-migration from states within and outside of the European Union all continue to be lending factors to homelessness. Angela Kail ( 2010, online ) discussed the impact of the CSR and the 7 % cuts to LA s on charities working in the community sector and argued that the cuts will spell the terminal for local community charities . Many charities will confront closing or cutbacks and will hold to curtail the type, and degree, of services that they can offer ; the figure of people that they can assist and back up, and causes service suppliers to be unable to do long-run programs. Robert McGeachy ( NCH ) argued in 2006 that the 3rd sector are progressively supplying more intensive support over a longer period when demands are non being met elsewhere, nevertheless services being provided will go limited due to miss of support and this is more of a world in today s economic clime ( NCH, on-line 2006 ) . The demand for voluntary sector services will doubtless increase greatly, merely as budgets are cut or affected by new support governments and the homelessness sector will hold to believe about how it can supply more support to vulnerable people with less. However, a study has shown that 63 % of community and voluntary sector administrations plan to cut staff Numberss over the following three months which will do this proposal even more of a challenge ( CVS, online, 15/10/10 ) . Additionally services that are thought to be nice-to-have such as those that develop community development, those that work towards battling fiscal exclusion and societal isolation and those that are similar to others that are being delivered by other homeless services suppliers will non last. Partnership and collaborative working between administrations is now more needful than of all time and it may be the lone manner some charities are able to last to go on back uping vulnerable people. The support cuts are likely to do extremist alterations and charities will hold to confront shriveling in size or unifying with larger charities that are financially more unafraid otherwise they will merely neglect one time they have run out of options. Cathy Pharoah ( 3/11/10 ) argues that this will be the clip when many 3rd sector administrations will necessitate aid with these alterations such as covering with the practicalities of undertaking or closings, redundancies and service reconfiguration. However with the closing of the Regional Development Agencies, and the decreases in Cabinet Office support for substructure organic structures, this aid will non probably be available and the extremist alterations will be even more distressing for some. Jeremy Swain ( main executive of Thames Reach ) suggests that the most of import inquiry of all is will stateless people besides end up paying a rough monetary value? ( Inside Housing, online, 2010 ) No affair who pays the monetary value, it is argued that the budget cuts were necessary in order to cut down the state s public shortage. Grant Shapps ( Minister for Housing and Local Government ) says that by non doing the difficult determinations in order to cut down the shortage, mortgage rates would lift still higher and do houses less low-cost. The involvement refunds on ?1 trillion of debt would take money off from frontline services, cut down future investing and finally stultify the UK. With the loss of about half a million public-sector occupations some say closer to 750,000 ( Sunday Times, 2010 ) , it is possibly fortunate that the alliance Government decided to protect the Homelessness grant by puting ?400 million, and that the decreases to the SP programme has been minimised, with ?6.5bn investing secured over the following four old ages. The Government is cognizant that low-cost lodging for those who can non afford to run into their ain lodging demands remains indispens able and a more flexible system of low-cost lodging will be adopted to run into the different demands of people. Simply put, given the immense force per unit areas on public fundss and the economic fortunes that we face, methods to do limited public investing travel farther demand to be found. Despite the fiscal restraints, the Government will still be puting about ?6.5 billion of the taxpayer s money into lodging, with ?4.5 billion to fund new low-cost places. They besides intend to supply ?200m so that the Mortgage Rescue strategy can remain unfastened to back up vulnerable householders threatened with repossession and a farther ?100m to convey empty places back in usage ( Shapps, 2010 ) . However will this be adequate to cut down the figure of people who are already stateless, those at hazard of going homeless in the hereafter whilst still work towards eliminating homelessness? Since the CSR was announced, everyone interviewed by the BBC seems to be in favor of the budget cuts every bit long as it does non impact him or her. The rough world is that for the following few old ages, everyone will be affected in one-way or another and it is non the first clip that something has happened, such as the election of a new authorities ( albeit it be a alliance ) that will impact attacks and policies in topographic point with respects to undertaking the lodging and homelessness jobs that Britain has faced over the last 20 old ages. The CSR will decidedly hold an inauspicious affect on the full state and harmonizing to the homelessness charities, more so on those that are vulnerable, homeless or at hazard of going homeless. Charities that work with and for older people, kids, carers, young person wrongdoers, ex-service work forces and adult females, those with mental wellness issues merely to call a few are all stating the same and contending for their ain corner nami ng on the Government to rethink the disbursement reappraisal as the cuts will be impacting their most vulnerable service users. Which are the few that need to be sacrificed to maintain the state from crumpling? We may non be ready for the disbursement cuts and revenue enhancement additions, but we now have no pick and something demands to be done to acquire the state off from the threshold of bankruptcy. WORD COUNT 2961